Understanding the Middle Pharyngeal Constrictor Origin and Insertion

The middle pharyngeal constrictor muscle is one of the three layers of pharyngeal constrictors, responsible for constriction and movement of the pharynx during swallowing and phonation. This article aims to provide a detailed overview of its origin and insertion.

Origin and Insertion

The middle pharyngeal constrictor originates from the stylohyoid ligament and the hyoid bone, with fibers divided into three overlapping groups. The ascending and descending fibers rarely reach the top of the pharynx and the thyroid cartilage, respectively. Instead, they insert into the pharyngeal raphe, where they join the longitudinal pharyngeal muscles.

Muscle Attachments

The middle constrictor arises internally to the hyoglossus, with some fibers passing externally. Their fibers sometimes intersect around the lingual artery, which runs between them. The posteroinferior group fans out from the posterior part of the greater horn, while the anterosuperior group ascends posterosuperiorly from the ligament and lesser horn.

Function

The middle pharyngeal constrictor plays a crucial role in constriction and movement of the pharynx. Its fibers can act as an elevator muscle, drawing the hyoid bone and underlying larynx downwards during phonation and the terminal phase of swallowing.

Blood Supply and Innervation

The middle pharyngeal constrictor receives its blood supply from the lingual and superior thyroid arteries. It is innervated by the anterior rami of C1-C3 spinal nerves through the ansa cervicalis of the cervical plexus.

In conclusion, the middle pharyngeal constrictor origin and insertion are complex, with fibers arising from various points on the stylohyoid ligament and hyoid bone. Its attachments to neighboring muscles and vessels make it a crucial component of the pharyngeal musculature, playing a vital role in constriction and movement of the pharynx during swallowing and phonation.

Middle pharyngeal constrictor origin and insertion